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The definition

What is a
recession?

A recession is a sustained, broad decline in economic activity.

This site uses the common technical recession rule: two consecutive quarters of negative growth in real gross domestic product (GDP).

Real GDP measures economic output after adjusting for price changes. These figures are seasonally adjusted and cover the whole economy. GDP per person can fall even when total GDP grows.

The two-quarter rule is a useful shorthand. Employment, income and spending also matter, and GDP estimates can be revised. The answer reflects the latest published quarters, rather than a live measure of the economy.

Latest quarter: Jun 2026. Real GDP changed by +0.3% in Mar 2026 and +0.4% in Jun 2026.

The historical picture

Growth, over time.

Jun 2018 — Jun 2026
Real GDP · seasonally adjusted

Quarterly GDP growth

+0.4%
Quarterly real GDP growthJun 2018 to Jun 2026. Latest: +0.4%. Shaded periods mark consecutive quarters of falling real GDP. Exact values are in the data table below.-10%-8%-6%-4%-2%0%2%4%6%Jun 2018: +0.7%Sep 2018: +0.4%Dec 2018: +0.2%Mar 2019: +0.8%Jun 2019: +0.3%Sep 2019: +0.6%Dec 2019: +0.6%Mar 2020: -0.2%Jun 2020: -6.8%Sep 2020: +3.4%Dec 2020: +3.4%Mar 2021: +2.2%Jun 2021: +0.7%Sep 2021: -1.8%Dec 2021: +3.7%Mar 2022: +1.0%Jun 2022: +0.9%Sep 2022: +0.5%Dec 2022: +0.9%Mar 2023: +0.6%Jun 2023: +0.3%Sep 2023: +0.4%Dec 2023: 0.0%Mar 2024: +0.3%Jun 2024: +0.2%Sep 2024: +0.3%Dec 2024: +0.4%Mar 2025: +0.4%Jun 2025: +0.8%Sep 2025: +0.5%Dec 2025: +0.9%Mar 2026: +0.3%Jun 2026: +0.4%20182020202220242026
Change from the previous quarter. Two negative quarters in a row meet the rule used above.

Annual GDP growth

+2.1%
Annual real GDP growthJun 2018 to Jun 2026. Latest: +2.1%. Shaded periods mark consecutive quarters of falling real GDP. Exact values are in the data table below.-8%-6%-4%-2%0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%Jun 2018: +3.2%Sep 2018: +2.6%Dec 2018: +2.4%Mar 2019: +2.1%Jun 2019: +1.7%Sep 2019: +1.9%Dec 2019: +2.2%Mar 2020: +1.3%Jun 2020: -5.8%Sep 2020: -3.2%Dec 2020: -0.4%Mar 2021: +2.0%Jun 2021: +10.2%Sep 2021: +4.7%Dec 2021: +4.9%Mar 2022: +3.6%Jun 2022: +3.8%Sep 2022: +6.1%Dec 2022: +3.3%Mar 2023: +2.8%Jun 2023: +2.2%Sep 2023: +2.2%Dec 2023: +1.3%Mar 2024: +1.1%Jun 2024: +0.9%Sep 2024: +0.8%Dec 2024: +1.2%Mar 2025: +1.3%Jun 2025: +1.9%Sep 2025: +2.1%Dec 2025: +2.6%Mar 2026: +2.5%Jun 2026: +2.1%20182020202220242026
Change from the same quarter a year earlier. Context for the longer trend; this does not determine the answer.

Shaded periods: consecutive quarters of falling real GDP.

View the underlying data
ABS real GDP, chain volume measures, seasonally adjusted. Growth rates are percentages.
QuarterQuarterly growthAnnual growth
Jun 2018+0.7%+3.2%
Sep 2018+0.4%+2.6%
Dec 2018+0.2%+2.4%
Mar 2019+0.8%+2.1%
Jun 2019+0.3%+1.7%
Sep 2019+0.6%+1.9%
Dec 2019+0.6%+2.2%
Mar 2020-0.2%+1.3%
Jun 2020-6.8%-5.8%
Sep 2020+3.4%-3.2%
Dec 2020+3.4%-0.4%
Mar 2021+2.2%+2.0%
Jun 2021+0.7%+10.2%
Sep 2021-1.8%+4.7%
Dec 2021+3.7%+4.9%
Mar 2022+1.0%+3.6%
Jun 2022+0.9%+3.8%
Sep 2022+0.5%+6.1%
Dec 2022+0.9%+3.3%
Mar 2023+0.6%+2.8%
Jun 2023+0.3%+2.2%
Sep 2023+0.4%+2.2%
Dec 20230.0%+1.3%
Mar 2024+0.3%+1.1%
Jun 2024+0.2%+0.9%
Sep 2024+0.3%+0.8%
Dec 2024+0.4%+1.2%
Mar 2025+0.4%+1.3%
Jun 2025+0.8%+1.9%
Sep 2025+0.5%+2.1%
Dec 2025+0.9%+2.6%
Mar 2026+0.3%+2.5%
Jun 2026+0.4%+2.1%